White and Black festival

History and Tradition Fairs and Carnival of Blacks and Whites in Pasto- Colombia: The largest representation of races in Colombia Carnival of Blacks and Whites in grass Photo courtesy Corpocarnaval of Black and White Location: Pasto, Nariño Region.
Pacific Date: January 4-6 every year.
Duration: 3 days.
The Carnival of Blacks and Whites, declared in 2002 Cultural Patrimony of the Nation, is held every year in Pasto, an Andean city located in southwestern Colombia, from 4 to Jan. 6, attracting a large number of tourists coming from all corners of the country and abroad. The city of Pasto has been known historically as the meeting place and crossroads of different peoples and colonies. It is for this reason that Carnival celebrations are an indigenous cultural shows that expresses the perfect blend of all the cultural influences that were up over the centuries in this region: indigenous rituals, cultural expressions of Spaniards and culture African. Considered the cultural event of races most significant of Colombia, the Carnival of Blacks and Whites becomes an unforgettable cultural experience. Carnival of Blacks and Whites in Grass Photo courtesy Corpocarnaval of Black and White History of Carnival The origins of Carnival can be traced back to ancient times and celebrations of indigenous cultures and characteristics of the Grassland Quillacingas to their god of the moon, which demanded protection on crops.


Introduction:

There are many carnivals and festivals in Colombia. Some of those carnivals are: The Flower Festival in Medellin and the caña Festival in Cali, The Theater Festival in Bogotá, The Black and White Festival in Pasto and others. The festivals traditions and the culture of each city brings many people together to celebrate. The festival that stands out is the Black and White Festival.


Stories of the black and white in the oldest Colombian Carnival:

If sources are agreed in the year of the beginning of many Colombian carnivals, there is one that is unknown however. Are we in front to a cultural manifestation that revels our identity? Here some reasons why the Carnival of White and Blacks of Pasto is a living national patrimony.Is easier to trace the archaeological patrimony history of the Walls of Cartagena de Indias and even the one of a natural patrimony like the Macarena Mountains Park, but it is real difficult and interesting to do so with what we call living cultural patrimony like the Carnival of White and Black.


First day of black and white festival:

It start the 4th of January, the carnival begins with the parade of the Castañeda family.They were the family that began this festival in 1928.This family came from Putumayo, a place in the south of Colombia. Each year,people disguise themselves as members of this family. This is the first part later you will see the other one.



Second day black and white festival:

The second day, the 5th of January, the Black communities of Pasto celebrate the day in 1607 when they asked the Spanish king to give them their freedom and rest for the day. The King of Spain accepted and from that day on, the Black communities have celebrated their liberty. Through the years, this celebration has grown and bonded with the white and mixed communities. In this celebration, people paint each other with charcoal and black in a big party.


Last day of white and black Festival:

The last day, the 6th of January, Pasto residents exalt the values of the races. The people paint their faces with red, white, green, and blue colors. A parade is held with typical things, and craftsmen show their crafts in this big and fantastic carnival. In short, if you go to Colombia the first days of January, don't forget to go to the Black and White Carnival in Pasto. You'll enjoy it a lot.

Abraham Lincoln´s biography

Abraham Lincoln(February 12, 1809 - April 15, 1865), The 16th president of the United States, Successfully led the country through it's greatest internal crisis, The American civil war, preserving the union and ending slavery. Assassinated as the war was drawing to a close, Lincoln had been the first republican elected to the presidency. Before his presidency, he was a lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, a member of the United States house of representatives, twice succesfull candidate of the election to the senate.

As an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery in the United States, Lincoln won the republican party nomination in 1860 and was elected president later that year. His tenure in office was occupied primarily with the defeat of the secessionist confederate states of America in the American civil war. He introduced measures that resulted in the abolition of slavery, issuing his emancipation proclamation in 1863 and promoting the passage of the thiteenth amendment to the constitution, which passed congress before Lincoln's death and was ratified by the states later in 1865.

Assassination: originally, JOHN WILKES BOOTH, a well-known actor and a confederate spy from maryland, had formulated a plan to kidnap Lincoln in exchange for the realese of confederate prisioners.

After attending at April 11, 1865 speech in which Lincoln promoted voting rights for blacks an incensed booth changed his plans and determined to assasinate the presindent. He was assassinated in the Ford theather when he was seeing: Our American Cousin.

Bibliography: www.wikipedia.com

Questions:

1. What were Lincoln´s four children names?

2. When was Lincoln born and death?

3. Where is Lincoln´s tumb?

4. What were Lincoln´s parents name?

5. Where and when was lincoln shooted?

6. What was the cause of Lincoln´s mother death?

7. When did Lincoln married Mary todd?

8. What was the name of the play that Lincoln was watching when he was shoted?

9. Why Jhon Wilkes Booth killed Lincoln?

10.What were the names of his older sister and younger brother that died?

Answers:

1. The name of lincoln's Child were Robert Todd, William Walace, Thomas Lincoln and Edward Baker.

2. Lincoln was born on February 12 of 1809 and dyed on April 15 1865.

3. Lincolns tumb is on the cementary "Oak Ridge cementery."

4. Lincoln's parents name were Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hawks.

5. Lincoln was shooted on The Ford Theater, and the day when he was shooted was April 14 1865.

6. Lincoln's mother dyed of milk poisoning.

7. Lincoln marry Mary Todd the day November 4 of 1842.

8. The name of the presentation was "Our American Cousin"

9. Jhon Wilkes Booth killed Lincoln because he didnt share the ideas of Lincoln, that were to stop the war and free slaves.

10. The name of the brother was Thomas and the name of her sister was Sarah.

Oscar Wilde´s Biography

Oscar wilde was born on october 16,1854 in Dublin. Was an Irish writer, author of some of the most brilliant essays, and comedies in english. When he was 17 he won an entrance scholarship to Trinity College Dublin, Where he gained a scholarship to Magdalen Oxford. He left oxford for London in 1878 and quickly became a popular topic of conversation concerning the strange clothes he wore and the odd poses he adoptes as an aesthete.
Oscar Wilde’s rich and dramatic portrayals of the human condition came during the height of the Victorian Era that swept through London in the late 19th century. At a time when all citizens of Britain were finally able to embrace literature the wealthy and educated could only once afford, Wilde wrote many short stories, plays and poems that continue to inspire millions around the world. By the time William Wilde, Oscar’s father, was 28, he had graduated as a doctor, completed a voyage to Madeira, Teneriffe, North Africa and the Middle East, studied at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London, written two books and been appointed medical advisor to the Irish Census of 1841. When the medical statistics were published two years later they contained data which had not been collected in any other country at the time, and as a result, William became the Assistant Commissioner to the 1851 Census. He held the same position for the two succeeding Censuses and, in 1864, he was knighted for his work on them. When William opened a Dublin practice specializing in ear and eye diseases, he felt he should make some provision for the free treatment of the city's poor population. In 1844, he founded St. Mark's Ophthalmic Hospital, built entirely at his own expense.Thought Wilde`s sexual orientation has variously been considered bisexual and homosexual, wilde himself felt he belonged to a culture of male love inspired by the Greek paederastic tradition. In describing his own sexual identity, Wilde use the term "Socratic".He may have had significant sexual relationships with Frank Miles, Constance Lloyd(his wife), Robert Baldwin Ross, and Lord Alfred Douglas("Bosie").Prison was unkind to Wilde's health and after he was released on 19 May 1897, he spent his last three years penniless, in self-imposed exile from society and artistic circles. He went under the assumed name of Sebastian Melmoth, after the famously "penetrated" Saint Sebastian and the devilish central character of Wilde's great-uncle Charles Robert Maturin's gothic novel Melmoth the Wanderered.Wilde died of cerebral meningitis on 30 November 1900. Different opinions are given as to the cause of the meningitis; Richard Ellmann claimed it was syphilitic; Merlin Holland, Wilde's grandson, thought this to be a misconception, noting that Wilde's meningitis followed a surgical intervention, perhaps a mastoidectomy; Wilde's physicians, Dr. Paul Cleiss and A'Court Tucker, reported that the condition stemmed from an old suppuration of the right ear (une ancienne suppuration de l'oreille droite d'ailleurs en traitement depuis plusieurs années) and did not allude to syphilis. Most modern scholars and doctors agree that syphilis was unlikely to have been the cause of his death.



Bibliography: Library books biography of Oscar Wilde

QUESTIONS:

1. When was Oscar Wilde borned?

2. At what age did Wilde won the scholarship to Trinity college Dublin?

3. Why was the cause of Oscar Wilde's death?

4. What was the sexuality of Oscar wilde?

5. Name two of Wilde's wifes..

Answers:

1. Oscar Wilde was born the 16 Of October of 1854.

2. He won it at 17 years.

3.

4. Homosexual (gay)

5.